Subsmooth Sets: Functional Characterizations and Related Concepts

Prox-regularity of a set (Poliquin-Rockafellar-Thibault, 2000), or its global version, proximal smoothness (Clarke-Stern-Wolenski, 1995) plays an important role in variational analysis, not only because it is associated with some fundamental properties as the local continuous differentiability of the function dist (C; ·), or the local uniqueness of the projection mapping, but also because in the case where C is the epigraph of a locally Lipschitz function, it is equivalent to the weak convexity (lower-C2 property) of the function. In this paper we provide an adapted geometrical concept, called subsmoothness, which permits an epigraphic characterization of the approximate convex functions (or lower-C1 property). Subsmooth sets turn out to be naturally situated between the classes of prox-regular and of nearly radial sets. This latter class has been recently introduced by Lewis in 2002. We hereby relate it to the Mifflin semismooth functions.